Agriculture
It consist of two latin word. In which "agri means soil" & "culture means cultivation" that's why agriculture is a science that defined the study of soil cultivation.
Agriculture is an art and science both in which we study all the human activity related use of soil
Agriculture is mainly divided into two parts
1.subsistence farming
2.Commercial farming
Subsistence farming:
it is also known as existing farming. it is branch of agriculture science in which farmer grown there crop for present scenario not for their future use, that's why it also known as settled farming.
the farmer grow their crops for fulfill on his and their family needs.
It is subdivided in two parts
A. shifting cultivation
B. primitive farming.
Shifting cultivation
First of all Forest land is cleared and cultivated by fire and then crops are planted, into the patch of forest land Due to growing of one crop continuously some year the soil loose its nutrition value.
Then the crop is shifted to other slash and Burn again that's why it known as shifting cultivation
The forest land is cleared by fire so it is known as slash and burn method.
there same crop is grown year after year in this case land is rotated but crop is fixed that's why it may also known as land rotation.
Shifting cultivation is also known as Jhum Cultivation.
It practiced in north eastern state of India Chota Nagpur pleatau of Jharkhand MP and in hilly areas.
It is done by tribal people for the production of root and Tuber
Primitive farming :
it is a one of the part of a subsistence farming . which is practice in older years it is also known as a obstacle farming here primitive technique is used by farmers, modern techniques and tools are not allowded.
Commercial farming:
it is originate form Europe the purpose of this farming is to sell a yelids in a bulk quantity to the market. Commercial farming divided into two parts intensive commercial farming extensive commercial farming
Division of commercial farming in two parts
1.intensive farming
2.extensive farming
Agriculture in India:
Agricultural production contributes 14% to India's national income. India's government established RRB and NABARD institute for the development of agriculture. The green revolution started in India mid of 1965 to 1966, the aim of Green revolution is to increasing the productivity of agriculture and make the self sufficient in foodgrains By first green revolution the wheat production is increase .
1983 the second green revolution started in which Rice production is rises. but wheat production is more than the rice production .
- father of Green revolution in India Dr Swaminathan .
- the father of Green revolution in the world is Doctor Borlog.
Which crop got the first rank in the state of India
- Jammu Kashmir for saffron
- up for wheat, sugar cane, milk and potato.
- West Bengal for jute and rice
Note: but in South India the Tamilnadu is known.
- MP for soybean pulse gram and oilseed.
- Rajasthan for mustard .
- Gujarat for cotton and peanut.
- Maharashtra for onion pigeon pea grapes and mango.
- Kerala for natural over Garammasala cashew coconut black paper.
- AndhraPradesh for turmeric tobacco maize
- Karnataka for coffee sunflower Resham
Importance of agriculture:
India there is three types of crop
1.Rabi crops
2.kharif crop
3. jayaz crop
Rabi crop : this crop sown on October to November and harvesting April for example mustard wheat gram and pea
Kharif crop: describe shown on June July and harvest in October November for example rice soya bean ,jwar, Bajra sugarcane and cotton
Jayad crop :this crop are shown in feb to march. Example brinjal bottle guard watermelon
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